Mortality trend of ischemic heart disease (2008-2022): A retrospective analysis of epidemiological data.

BACKGROUND: Age-sex specific trend analyses of ischemic heart disease (IHD)-related mortality and prevalent risk factors can improve our understanding and approach to the disease. METHODS: We performed a 15-year retrospective epidemiological analysis of acute and chronic IHD-related mortality and prevalent cardiovascular risk factors using administrative data from Veneto, a socio-economically homogeneous Italian region. Standard mortality statistics using the underlying cause of death (UCOD) and deaths with any mention of IHD in death certificates (MCOD) from ICD-10 codes I20-I25 was performed between 2008 and 2022. RESULTS: A total of 134,327 death certificates reported IHD-related deaths, representing 18.6% of all deaths. Proportional mortality decreased from 14.6% in 2008 to 7.8% in 2022 for deaths with IHD as the UCOD and from 23.5% to 14.6% for deaths with IHD among the MCOD. A more pronounced decline of proportionate and case-specific mortality rate was seen in women. The decline in mortality over the whole study period was larger for acute (vs. chronic) IHD. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a marked increase in mortality in 2020 (+12.2%) with a subsequent further decline. IHD-related deaths displayed a typical seasonal pattern with more deaths during winter. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was higher in IHD (vs. no IHD) deaths: this association appeared more pronounced in younger adults. CONCLUSIONS: We provided an analysis of epidemiological trends in IHD-related mortality and prevalence of risk factors. Our findings indicate a change in the pattern of cardiovascular deaths and may suggest a switch in death from acute to chronic conditions.

Prevalent use of high-intensity statin therapy and LDL-C target attainment among PAD patients undergoing angioplasty.

Background: The global burden of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is substantial. Reducing the major modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable disease, including dyslipidaemia, represents a public health priority. Aim is to evaluate the prevalent adequate use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) attainment among patients with PAD of the lower extremities undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Patients and methods: We screened PAD patients treated at the University Hospital Zurich (January 2012-December 2018). We excluded patients <18 years, without classifiable severity of PAD, or with missing LDL-C or medication data. In this cross-sectional study, we studied the prevalent LLT use and LDL-C values in target according to the most recent European guidelines. Available clinical data included demographic information, lipid profile, type and dose of LLT, characteristics of the artery obstruction and angioplasty. Results: A total of 2,148 angioplasties were performed in 956 patients: 614 (64%) were men; the mean age was 70.6 (SD 11.4) years. A total of 608 (64%) had a non-critical PAD (Fontaine stage I-IIb), whereas the remaining had a critical limb ischemia or a diabetic foot syndrome. Their median LDL-C value was 2.00 (Q1-Q3: 1.50-2.60) mmol/L. In accordance to the 2016 and 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, the LDL-C target of 1.8 and 1.4 mmol/L was not reached in 63% (n=599) and in 79% (n=760) of patients, respectively. Only 41% (n=390) of patients were on high-intensity statin therapy. Conclusions: The attainment of LDL-C targets, as recommended by current European guidelines, and the use of high-intensity LLT were unsatisfactory in the majority of PAD patients.

Mental Health Determinants Among a Psychiatric Outpatient Sample of Vietnamese Migrants in Germany.

Background: Mental health risk-factors for Asian migrants have been studied almost exclusively in the US, Canada, and Australia but not in European countries. Therefore, we aimed to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and migration-surrounding factors associated with experienced mental distress among Vietnamese migrants in Germany. Method: 305 Vietnamese migrants utilizing Germany's first Vietnamese psychiatric outpatient clinic filled out at admission the Brief-Symptom-Inventory 18 (BSI-18) as well as a questionnaire on 22 potential mental health determinants. Using a multiple linear regression model, we identified those sociodemographic, clinical, and migration-surrounding factors that were significantly related to the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the BSI-18. Results: The factors unemployment (B = -6.32, p = 0.014), financial problems (B = -10.71, p < 0.001), no or only little religious involvement (B = -3.23, p = 0.002), no psychiatric precontact (B = -7.35, p = 0.004), previous migration experiences (B = 8.76, p = 0.002), and perceived discrimination (B = 6.58, p = 0.011) were found to significantly increase the level of mental distress according to the BSI-GSI. Conclusion: Based on these results, we were able to construct a mental health risk-profile for Vietnamese migrants in Germany, which aims to detect candidates for psychiatric problems earlier and supply them with customized prevention and therapy options.

Acculturation and severity of depression among first-generation Vietnamese outpatients in Germany.

BACKGROUND: Challenges of migration, particularly concerning the process of acculturation are associated with an increased risk of mental illness. Vietnamese migrants constitute the largest Southeast Asian migrant group in Germany, yet there is no data on the relationship between the mental health status and acculturation among this population. AIMS: Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between two well-established dimensions of acculturation, that is, dominant society immersion (DSI) and ethnic society immersion (ESI), the four resulting acculturation strategies (integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization), and severity of depression. METHODS: A sample of N = 113 first-generation Vietnamese outpatients from a psychiatric outpatient clinic for Vietnamese migrants in Germany was studied regarding their self-reported depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)) and acculturation (Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale (SMAS)). RESULTS: Consistent with the hypotheses, patients reported less severe depressive symptoms, when they reported higher orientation toward the German and the Vietnamese society. Moreover, the results showed that integrated patients reported a lower severity of depression compared to marginalized patients, who reported the highest severity of depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that among a sample of first-generation Vietnamese patients with depression, an orientation to both, the mainstream society and one's heritage society might serve as a potential resource. The rejection of any orientation to any society is associated with an increased risk for depression.

Migration-Related Stressors and Their Effect on the Severity Level and Symptom Pattern of Depression among Vietnamese in Germany.

OBJECTIVES: Vietnamese in Germany represent a scarcely researched and vulnerable group for mental health problems, especially under exposure to migration-related stressors (MRS). This study analyzes the effect of those MRS on the severity level and symptom pattern of depression. DESIGN: We analyzed the data of 137 depressed Vietnamese patients utilizing Germany's first Vietnamese psychiatric outpatient clinic. Hierarchical linear regression models were applied to investigate how the quantity of MRS influenced (1) the overall severity of self-reported depression symptoms; (2) the cognitive, affective, and somatic BDI-II subscale; and (3) the single BDI-II items of these subscales. RESULTS: A greater number of MRS were related to a higher severity level of depression in general, as well as to a higher level on the cognitive depression subscale in particular. The BDI-II single items pessimism, past failure, guilt feelings, punishment feelings, and suicidal thoughts were particularly associated with a higher quantity of perceived MRS. CONCLUSION: Among depressed Vietnamese migrants in Germany, a higher number of reported MRS were associated with higher overall depression severity. Within the domains of depression, particularly the cognitive domain was linked to perceived MRS. The association between MRS and suicidal thoughts is clinically highly relevant.